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Atlantis Antiquities, New York. Greek and Roman Art. 1990, no. 13.
Atlantis Antiquities, New York. Greek and Roman Art. 1990
Citation (Bibliographic Reference) Sequence
Pleket, H.W. and R.S. Stroud, eds. Supplementum Epigraphicum Graecum 41 (Leiden and Boston: Brill, 1991), pp. 41, 404.
Pleket, H.W. and R.S. Stroud, eds. Supplementum Epigraphicum Graecum 41 (Leiden and Boston: Brill, 1991)
"Acquisitions/1990." The J. Paul Getty Museum Journal 19 (1991), p. 136, no. 6.
"Acquisitions/1990." The J. Paul Getty Museum Journal 19 (1991)
"Getty Museum Acquires Rare Stele," Minerva 2, 4 (1991), p. 34, ill. p. 34.
"Getty Museum Acquires Rare Stele," Minerva 2, 4 (1991)
The J. Paul Getty Museum Handbook of the Collections. 3rd ed. (Malibu: J. Paul Getty Museum, 1991), p. 20.
The J. Paul Getty Museum Handbook of the Collections. 3rd ed. (Malibu: J. Paul Getty Museum, 1991)
Birge, D. "Field Notes." Archeological News 17, nos. 1-4 (1992), p. 41.
Birge, D. "Field Notes." Archeological News 17, nos. 1-4 (1992)
Follet, S. "Bulletin epigraphique," Revue des Etudes grecques 105 (1992), p. 441, no. 21.
Follet, S. "Bulletin epigraphique," Revue des Etudes grecques 105 (1992)
Podany, Jerry. "Faked, flayed or fractured? Development of loss compensation approaches for antiquities." In Loss compensation : technical and philosophical issues : proceedings of the Objects Specialty Group Session, June 10, 1994, 22nd annual meeting, Nashville, TN. Objects Specialty Group Postprints, vol. 2. Ellen Pearlstein and Michele Marincola, compilers. (Washington, D.C. : American Institute for Conservation and Artistic Works, 1994), pp. 45-46, 54, figs. 12-13.
Podany, Jerry. "Faked, flayed or fractured? Development of loss compensation approaches for antiquities." In Objects Specialty Group Postprints, vol. 2. Ellen Pearlstein et al., compilers. (Washington, D.C. : Am. Inst. for Cons. and Artistic Works, 1994)
Corcella, Aldo. "Pollis and the Tattooers." Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 109 (1995): 47-8.
Schaefer, Thomas. "Gepickt und Versteckt. Zur Bedeutung und Funktion aufgerauhter Oberflaechen in der spaetarchaischen und fruehklassischen Plastik," Jahrbuch des Deutschen Archaeologischen Instituts 111 (1996), pp. 25-74, p. 51, fig. 14.
Schaefer, Thomas. "Gepickt und Versteckt. Zur Bedeutung und Funktion aufgerauhter Oberflaechen in der spaetarchaischen und fruehklassischen Plastik," Jahrbuch des Deutschen Archaeologischen Instituts 111 (1996), pp. 25-74
Ebert, Joachim. "Das Grabepigramm für den Hopliten Pollis." Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 112 (1996), p. 66.
Ebert, Joachim. "Das Grabepigramm für den Hopliten Pollis." Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 112 (1996)
Ebert, J., "Neue Griechische Historische Epigramme." In ENEPΓEIA: Studies on Ancient History and Epigraphy, presented to H. W. Pleket. J. H. M. Strubbe, ed. (Leiden: Brill, 1996), p. 19-25.
Ebert, J., "Neue Griechische Historische Epigramme." In ENEPΓEIA: Studies on Ancient History and Epigraphy, presented to H. W. Pleket, edited by J. H. M. Strubbe. Leiden: Brill, 1996.
The J. Paul Getty Museum Handbook of the Collections. 4th ed. (Los Angeles: J. Paul Getty Museum, 1997), p. 19.
The J. Paul Getty Museum Handbook of the Collections. 4th ed. (Los Angeles: J. Paul Getty Museum, 1997)
Bodel, John, and Stephen Tracy. Greek and Latin Inscriptions in the USA: A Checklist (New York: American Academy in Rome, 1997), p. 9.
Bodel, John, and Stephen Tracy. Greek and Latin Inscriptions in the USA: A Checklist (New York: American Academy in Rome, 1997)
Towne Markus, Elana. Masterpieces of the J. Paul Getty Museum: Antiquities. (Los Angeles: J. Paul Getty Museum, 1997), p. 44.
Towne Markus, Elana. Masterpieces of the J. Paul Getty Museum: Antiquities (Los Angeles: J. Paul Getty Museum, 1997)
Onians, John. Classical Art and the Cultures of Greece and Rome (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1999), p. 38, fig. 29.
Onians, John. Classical Art and the Cultures of Greece and Rome (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1999)
Grossman, Janet Burnett. Greek Funerary Sculpture: Catalogue of the Collections at the Getty Villa (Los Angeles: J. Paul Getty Museum, 2001), pp. 98-100, cat. no. 36.
Grossman, Janet Burnett. Greek Funerary Sculpture: Catalogue of the Collections at the Getty Villa (Los Angeles: J. Paul Getty Museum, 2001)
The J. Paul Getty Museum Handbook of the Collections. 6th ed. (Los Angeles: J. Paul Getty Museum, 2001), p. 19.
The J. Paul Getty Museum Handbook of the Collections. 6th ed. (Los Angeles: J. Paul Getty Museum, 2001)
Recke, Matthias. Gewalt und Leid: Das Bild des Krieges bei den Athenern im 6. und 5. Jh.v.Chr. (Istanbul: Ege Yayinlari, 2002), Taf. 76b (incorrectly cited as 90.AA.120).
Recke, Matthias. Gewalt und Leid: Das Bild des Krieges bei den Athenern im 6. und 5. Jh.v.Chr. (Istanbul: Ege Yayinlari, 2002)
The J. Paul Getty Museum Handbook of the Antiquities Collection (Los Angeles: 2002), p. 18.
The J. Paul Getty Museum Handbook of the Antiquities Collection (Los Angeles: J. Paul Getty Museum, 2002)
Spivey, Nigel and Squire, Michael. Panorama of the Classical World (Los Angeles: Getty Publications, 2004), p. 203, fig. 324.
Spivey, Nigel and Squire, Michael. Panorama of the Classical World (Los Angeles: Getty Publications, 2004)
The J. Paul Getty Museum Handbook of the Antiquities Collection. Rev. ed. (Los Angeles: J. Paul Getty Museum, 2010), p. 18.
The J. Paul Getty Museum Handbook of the Antiquities Collection. Rev. ed. (Los Angeles: J. Paul Getty Museum, 2010)
Spivey, Nigel. Greek Sculpture (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013), pp. 122-23, 126, fig. 5.1.
Spivey, Nigel. Greek Sculpture (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013)
Onians, John. European Art: A Neuroarthistory (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2016), pp. 81, fig. 50, ill.
Onians, John. European Art: A Neuroarthistory (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2016)
Reeves, Jonathan. “οὐ κακὸς ἐῶν: Megarian Valour and its Place in the Local Discourse at Megara.” In Megarian Moments. The Local World of an Ancient Greek City-State, edited by Hans Beck and Philip J. Smith (Teiresias Supplements Online, Volume 1, 2018), p. 176-79.
Reeves, Jonathan. “οὐ κακὸς ἐῶν: Megarian Valour and its Place in the Local Discourse at Megara.” In Megarian Moments. The Local World of an Ancient Greek City-State, edited by Hans Beck and Philip J. Smith (Teiresias Supplements Online, Volume 1, 2018): 167-182.
Reinhardt, Corinna. "Schrift am Grabmal. Zur Materialität der Inschriften an archaischen Grabmälern aus Athen und Attika." In Schreiben auf statuarischen Monumenten Aspekte materialer Textkultur in archaischer und frühklassischer Zeit, edited by Nikolaus Dietrich, Johannes Fouquet and Corinna Reinhardt (De Gruyter, 2020), pp. 40 (n. 107), 93, fig. 1.24, 197-198, n. 525.
Reinhardt, Corinna. "Schrift am Grabmal. Zur Materialität der Inschriften an archaischen Grabmälern aus Athen und Attika." In Schreiben auf statuarischen Monumenten Aspekte materialer Textkultur in archaischer und frühklassischer Zeit, edited by Nikolaus Dietrich, Johannes Fouquet and Corinna Reinhardt (De Gruyter, 2020)
Adornato, Gianfranco. "Body in Transition." In Innovations and Inventions in Athens c. 530-470 BCE - Two Crucial Generations, edited by Marion Meyer and Gianfranco Adornato. Phoibos Verlag: Vienna, 2020, p. 61, fn. 33.
Adornato, Gianfranco. "Body in Transition." In Innovations and Inventions in Athens c. 530-470 BCE - Two Crucial Generations, edited by Marion Meyer and Gianfranco Adornato. Phoibos Verlag: Vienna, 2020.
Østergaard, Jan Stubbe and Adam Schwartz. "A Late Archaic/Early Classical Greek Relief with Two Hoplites (Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek IN 2787)." Jahrbuch des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts 137 (2022), pp. 4n5, 10n29, 11, 12n37, 14, 15, 16, 19n63, n65, 24n94, figs. 14-6.
Østergaard, Jan Stubbe and Adam Schwartz. "A Late Archaic/Early Classical Greek Relief with Two Hoplites (Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek IN 2787)." Jahrbuch des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts 137 (2022)
Oikonomou, Stavroula. “Boeotian Monuments for the Fallen Warriors.” Ariadne 28 (2021-22), p. 23-24.
Oikonomou, Stavroula. “Boeotian Monuments for the Fallen Warriors.” Ariadne 28 (2021-22)
Walter-Karydi, Elena. The Athenians and their Graves (1000-300 BC). Berlin and Boston: de Gruyter, 2024, p. 298, fig. 184.
Walter-Karydi,Elena. The Athenians and their Graves (1000-300 BC). Berlin and Boston: de Gruyter, 2024
Liddel, Peter. Greek Inscriptions. Los Angeles: J. Paul Getty Museum, 2025, p. 47, fig. 30.
Liddel, Peter. Greek Inscriptions. Los Angeles: J. Paul Getty Museum, 2025
The J. Paul Getty Museum, Villa Collection, Malibu, California
The muscular warrior carved in low relief on this stele (gravestone) wears only a crested helmet and carries a shield, sword, and spear. He appears to be advancing into battle with his shield raised and his spear ready. The strap that suspended the sword hanging at his side was originally added in paint, as were other details of the decoration. The figure is identified in the Greek inscription written above him as Pollis: ΛΕΓΟ ΠΟΛΛΙΣ ΑΣΟΠΙΧΟ ΦΙΛΟΣ Η[Υ]ΙΟΣ: Ο ΚΑΚΟΣ ΕΟΝ ΑΠΕΘΝΑΣΚΟΝ ΗΥΠΟ ΣΤ[Ι]ΚΤΑΙΣΙΝ ΕΓΟΝΕ (“I, Pollis, dear son of Asopichos, speak: Not being a coward, I, for my part, perished at the hands of the tattooers.”). The tattooers referred to in the epitaph may be the Persians, or the Thracians, a tribe from the north of Greece that fought on the side of the Persian invaders in the war of 480–479 B.C. Although the Greeks were victorious, Pollis lost his life. The form of the Greek letters seen here was distinctive to Megara, a city located between Athens and Corinth. In form, the stele retains the tall narrow shape popular in the Archaic period, yet its decoration looks forward to the early Classical period. Sculptors of the period from about 480-450 B.C. displayed a new interest in the representation of space, movement, and human anatomy. Shown mostly in profile view with accurate musculature and a foreshortened shield, the figure of Pollis conveys a sense of three-dimensionality. This effect is all the more remarkable, given the stele’s very shallow carving.
Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles, California
The J. Paul Getty Trust, Los Angeles, California
Text provided by the J. Paul Getty Museum. Licensed under CC BY 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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Related Media (Audio): Grave Stele of Pollis, feat. David Saunders
Grave Stele of Pollis, feat. David Saunders
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Objects Exhibited in Ancient Art from the Permanent Collection at J. Paul Getty Museum at the Getty Center, Los Angeles
Ancient Art from the Permanent Collection at J. Paul Getty Museum at the Getty Center, Los Angeles
Ancient Art from the Permanent Collection
Objects Exhibited in Cy Twombly: Making Past Present at J. Paul Getty Museum at the Getty Center, Los Angeles
Cy Twombly: Making Past Present at J. Paul Getty Museum at the Getty Center, Los Angeles
Objects Exhibited in Ancient Thrace and the Classical World: Treasures from Bulgaria, Romania, and Greece at J. Paul Getty Museum at the Getty Villa, Malibu
Ancient Thrace and the Classical World: Treasures from Bulgaria, Romania, and Greece at J. Paul Getty Museum at the Getty Villa, Malibu
Ancient Thrace and the Classical World: Treasures from Bulgaria, Romania, and Greece
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Inscription: I speak, I, Pollis, dear son of Asopichos, not having died a coward, with the wounds of the tattooers, yes myself." Translation follows that proposed by J. Bousquet, L. Dubois, and O. Masson in SEG 41.413
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Getty Villa, Gallery 104, Archaic and Classical Greece
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Exhibition Title Attribute Assignment: Ancient Thrace and the Classical World: Treasures from Bulgaria, Romania, and Greece
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Based on a plaster copy made in 1988 for the Museum für Abgüsse Klassischer Bildwerke in Munich.
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Provenance Activity for Grave Stele of Pollis (90.AA.129) associated with Atlantis Antiquities, Ltd.
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Provenance Acquisition for Grave Stele of Pollis (90.AA.129) associated with Atlantis Antiquities, Ltd.; subsequently sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1990.
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